共同过失命题之证伪

Falsification of the Joint Negligence

共同过失这个命题是共同侵权制度据以扩张解释的一个理论假设。然而目前所有关于共同过失的观点及其论证都是不成立的。共同过失就其实质而言,属于无意思联络的数人过失侵权,按照目前侵权责任法的规定,数人应对受害人承担按份责任。然而共同过失这个理论假设不适当地扩张了共同侵权行为的范围,并导致了连带责任制度被滥用。

The proposition of joint negligence is a theory hypothesis on which the application of joint tort expanses. However, all opinions and arguments about joint negligence are untenable. Joint negligence, in its essence, belongs to unintentional majority tort. In accordance with the provisions of the Tort Law, the negligent infringers only bear the shared liability for damages. Nevertheless, the theoretical assumption of joint negligence is inappropriate to expand the applicable scope of joint tort, and led to the abuse of application of the joint and several liability.