国家法律监督机关职能论——兼与陈卫东教授商榷

On the Function of National Legal Supervision Organ

检察机关是我国《宪法》明确规定的国家法律监督机关,其主要职能是监督制约公权力,确保公权力在宪法、法律范围内活动,防止其滥用和异化。《宪法》对我国检察机关的职能定位是科学的,检察机关既不是行政机关,也不是司法机关,更不是行政兼司法机关,而是独立的法律监督机关。法律监督职能与职务犯罪侦查职能、公诉职能、批捕职能均是目的与手段,不存在分离的空间。如将法律监督职能与职务犯罪侦查职能、公诉职能分离,只能导致检察机关被彻底边缘化甚至被取消。检察机关的职权配置应紧紧围绕法律监督职能,以对等式监督为模型,重点强化职务犯罪侦查职能。

The procuratorial organs are national legal supervision organs prescribed by the constatutlon oi China. Their main functions are supervising and restricting the public power, guaranteeing that the public power is exercised within the constrictions of the constitution and law, preventing power abuse. The function orientation of procuratorial organ prescribed by the constitution is scientific. The procuratorial organ is independent legal supervision organs rather than administrative organs and judicial organizations. Legal supervision is the purpose, while the other functions such as job-related crime investigation, public prosecution, ratifying the arrest are measures taken to achieve this purpose, therefore they are all undividable. If being deprived of the other functions but legal supervision, the procuratorial organs will be marginalized or even being canceled. The function and power configuration in procuratorial organs shall focus on its legal supervision function, adopt the coordinate supervision mode, and strengthen its job-related crime investigation function.