《爵士乐》中的内聚焦、不可靠叙述与历史书写

Internal Focalization,Unreliable Narrative,and Historical Writing in Jazz

在小说《爵士乐》中,托妮·莫里森通过把重复、即兴化的多重变奏等爵士音乐元素运用于小说文本的创作,探讨了19世纪末到20世纪初从南方农村迁徙到北方城市的黑人所经历的迷失、挣扎和改变,并对种族歧视、历史书写等问题做出了反思。本文试图运用叙述聚焦、不可靠叙述和后现代历史元小说等理论,分析该小说如何运用转换型内聚焦、多重型内聚焦叙述模式消解叙述的权威性,以达到质疑"官方"历史的目的。

Drawing on the musical elements used in jazz,for example,repetition,variation and improvisation,Toni Morrison’s Jazz probes into the loss,struggles as well as changes of the blacks who migrated from the rural South to the urban North between the late 19 thand early 20 thcenturies. Meanwhile,it reveals Morrison’s reflections on the issues of racial discrimination and of historical writing. Employing theories of focalization,unreliable narrative and historiographic metafiction,the present paper argues that by adopting various forms of internal focalization,with variable internal focalization and multiple internal focalization included,Morrison undermines the authority of the traditional Western narrative and questions the reliability of the＂official＂history.