油菜机械化收获研究进展

Research Progress in Rapeseed Mechanized Harvest

油菜机械化收获是油菜全程机械化作业的重要环节,机械化收获在提高收获效率、节约收获时间、减轻劳动强度等方面有着积极的意义。为此,对现有的收获方法进行了分析研究,包括对收获具体作业时间的确定、不同收获方法的作业性能比较及其对油菜籽品质的影响;综合了收获机械装备及相关理论的研究现状,分析了机械化收获作业不同方式、不同环节、不同装备条件下对损失率的影响。同时,从农机农艺相互结合的研究角度出发,提出今后发展油菜机械化收获需要从品种改良、提升装备性能、收获方式方法选择及收获时间判断等方面着手,不断优化改良现有技术,为油菜机械化收获作业提供可行的机械装备和理论指导依据。

Mechanized harvesting for rape is an important part of the whole rape mechanization, which has a positive significance to improve harvesting efficiency, saving the time of harvesting, reduce labor intensity and so on. In this paper, the existing harvesting methods were analyzed, which including the identification of specific harvesting time, working performance comparison and impact on the quality of rapeseed to different harvesting methods; comprehensive the status of harvesting machinery and equipment and related theories, anglicizing the impact of mechanized operations to harvesting loss rate in different ways, aspects, equipment conditions; from the perspective of agricultural agronomic research combined with each other, the theory of future development of canola mechanized harvesting has been proposed, which need build by the aspects of breed improvement, enhance equipment performance, harvesting method selection, harvest time determine etc. continuously to improving and optimizing the existing technology, which can provide practical machinery and theoretical guiding for canola mechanized harvesting operations.