旅游产业技术效率:总体测量与国别比较

Tourism industry technology efficiency: overall measurement and national difference

近年来我国旅游业的快速发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,旅游业在国民经济中的战略地位得以确立,国际影响地位不断攀升。这一背景下,构建以产业技术效率为核心的国际竞争力成为建设旅游强国面临的重要议题。本文在回顾国内外相关文献的基础上,采用数据包络分析法(DEA)对30个旅游目的地大国旅游产业的技术效率进行了测量和比较研究,并对标杆国家进行了竞争优势分析,研究表明30个世界旅游大国中我国的技术效率水平相对落后,在纯技术效率和规模效率两方面都有较大改善空间。当前我国旅游业的竞争优势地位主要来自于资源禀赋优势和相对价格优势,而基于制度和技术创新的产业技术效率改善才是未来实现旅游经济可持续增长,构建国际旅游目的地核心竞争力的关键所在。

With worldwide acknowledgement of Chinese tourism＇s rapid growth in recent years the tourism industry has been established as the strategic pillar industry in the national economy and its global tourism market influence has ever been increasing. It is against this background that competitive advantage of tourism productivity has become the key element to construct a strong tourism economy in the world. Based on literature review, the data envelopment analysis （DEA） method has widely applied to measure the technical efficiency of the tourism industry in 30 top ranking tourist destination countries and the competitive advantage of peer countries has also been analyzed. It is found that the overall DEA efficiency of Chinese tourism industry lags behind most other countries, and there is a big gap on both pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency compared with the average level of thirty countries, As a result, it is observed that the present comparative advantage of Chinese tourism industry largely lies in its abundant traditional tourist resource gift and a relatively cheaper price. To achieve a sustainable growth and build its core competence as one of the world＇s top tourism economy, China has to improve its technical efficiency based on institutional and technological innovations in the future.