秩序、效率和正义——瓦格纳法立法价值的历史考察

Order,efficiency and justice——historical inspection on Wagner Act legislative value

立法本质上就是不同价值的博弈、权衡和选择的过程。法律作为价值载体,体现着不同的价值理念、不同的价值期望以及相应权利义务的分配,并左右着立法过程和法律的实施。1935年,在瓦格纳法的立法过程中,美国工会、企业界和政府三种力量的不同立法价值之间的博弈,造就了美国劳资关系法律制度变革,其中有三个重要的制度性突破:一是初步构建了劳资之间在组织力量对抗上的大致均衡;二是劳资集体谈判的合法有序;三是在工会组织内部实现工会的多元化竞争。这些劳资法律制度的创新实现了对秩序、效率和正义实现的不同诉求。

As a carrier of different value, law embodies the different value concept, the different value expectations and the distribution of the corresponding rights and obligations . Legislation is essentially the process of game. weigh and selection of different values, which impacts the enforcement of the law. In 1935, in the process of Wagner Act legislation, America＇s trade unions, business and government struggles against one another and does their best to achieve some kind of interest balance, which has made great reforms in the legal system of labor relation law. There are three vital institutional breakthrough： first, the general equilibrium between the labor organization force and the capitalist organization force; Secondly, the legal process of collective bargaining; and thirdly, the competition system between different trade union. In a word, these labor legislative innovations have realized the different demands for order, efficiency and justice in the America.