对2005年英国《意思能力法》的再解读——以社会工作为视角

Reinterpretation the 2005 “Mental Capacity Act” from the Perspective of Social Work

2005年英格兰和威尔士颁行的《意思能力法》将判例法的大部分实践奉为准则以保护丧失决策能力的成年人,促进个人自主性以及确保个人能够提前做出拒绝治疗的相关决定。它在需要替欠缺行为能力成年人做主要的身体和福利决定的情形下引入了新的替代决策方式以满足这些需求以及相关特殊主张。2005年《意思能力法》的适用范围从不同的角度得到再次解读,此法与在既定领域以新角色与他人进行合作的社会工作者之间的密切关系得到考察,社会工作者的部分责任得到阐明,研究结论指出:社会工作者具备完美实践的潜力,而这也需要专业的反思与服务监督的支持。

＂The Mental Capacity Act＂ enacted in England and Wales in 2005 sees most of the practice of the case law as guidelines in order to protect the incapacitated adults, promote the personal autonomy and to ensure that individuals can make the relevant decisions to refuse treatment in advance. Under the condition of needing to make decision on health, welfare and property issues for the incapacitated adults, alternative way of decision-making was introduced to meet these special needs and some related claims. The scope of application of 2005 ＂Mental Capacity Act＂ from different perspective is re-interpreted, close relationship between the act and social workers who cooperate with other in a new role in the given field is studied and some responsibilities of the social workers are clarified. The results of the study shows that the social workers have the potential of perfect practice and this also requires the professional reflection and the support of service supervision.