论行政惯例的行政法法源地位及其制度构建

The Status of Administrative Practice as the Source of Administrative Law and the Construction of the System

行政主体执法中的习惯性做法形成行政惯例,行政惯例应当具有法源地位。其获得法源地位符合信赖利益保护原则,行政自我拘束原则及缓解成文法局限的要求。构建成立要件是行政惯例制度的基础,成立行政惯例需符合主体适格,有一定地域适用性,主观确信,有反复适用的客观行为,符合法律规定和精神,符合政策导向等条件。我国适用制度的构建包括明确行政惯例的法源地位及效力位阶,建立案例指导制度和强化行政惯例监督制度等方面。

Administrative subjects’ habitual practices formed in law enforcement are administrative practices. Administrative Practices should own the status as a source of law,which meet requirements of principle of ensuring the reliance interest of the relative,administrative self-binding and off-setting the limitation of written legal norms. The establishment of conditions is the foundation of the whole system. To be specific,there are subject qualified,regional suitability,subjective conviction,repeated application and conform to the written laws and policies. As for China,the construction of application institution includes three aspects： to clear its status as the law source and the hierarchy,to establish the case guidance institution and to strengthen the supervision institution of administrative practices.