2013年329例药品不良反应报告分析

Adverse Drug Reaction Reports in 2013: Analysis of 329 Cases

目的：探讨解放军第175医院（以下简称“我院”）药品不良反应（ADR）发生的特点及规律，为临床合理用药提供参考，避免严重的ADR重复发生。方法：采用回顾性研究方法，对我院2013年上报的329例合格的ADR报告进行统计、分析。结果：329例ADR报告中，新的ADR为6例，占1．82％，严重的ADR为65例，占19．76％；引发ADR的给药方式以静脉给药为主（100例，占30．40％”）；男性165例，女性139例，25例性别不详；304例已知性别的患者中，41～80岁223例，占73．36％，而20岁以下患者仅22例，占7．24％；抗肿瘤药引起的ADR为76例，占总报告数的23．10％，抗菌药物引起的ADR为54例，占总报告数的16．41％，中药注射剂引起的ADR为27例，占总报告数的8．21％；ADRI临床表现主要为消化系统、神经系统、皮肤及其附件损害等。结论：应加强ADR监测，选择合适的药物、剂型和给药途径，加强用药监护，特别是加强对老年人、儿童、肝肾功能不全患者等特殊人群）的用药监护，促进临床合理用药，避免或减少一些严重的ADR重复出现。

OBJECTIVE ： To investigate the characteristics and regularity of the adverse drug reactions （ADRs） in No. 175 Hospital of PLA （ hereinafter referred to as ＂our hospital＂ ） for clinical reference of rational use of drugs and prevention of the repeated occurrence of ADRs. METHODS ： By a retrospective study, a total of 329 eligible ADR case reports collected in our hospital in 2013 were statistically analyzed. RESULTS： Of the 329 ADR cases, 6（ 1.82% ） were new ADR cases and 65（ 19.76% ） serious ones; 100（30. 40% ） were induced intravenously; 165 were males vs. 139 females with unknown gender for the another 25 cases; of the 304 gender-known cases, 223（73.36% ） aged 41- 80 years and 22 （7.24%） below 20 years; 76 （23.10%） were induced by anti-tumor drugs, 54 （ 16.41% ） by antibiotics and 27 （8.21%） by traditional Chinese medicine injections, which should be given great attention clinically. The ADRs manifested mainly as lesions of digestive system, nervous system and skin and its appendants etc. CONCLUSIONS： It is important to strengthen ADR monitoring, properly choose drugs, dosage form and routes of administration, strengthen medication monitoring for patients, especially for the special population including the elderly and children and those with hepatorenal insufficiency to promote rational use of drugs and prevent or reduce the repeated occurrence of serious ADRs.