承前启后之共和国初年的高师改造

A Study on the Reconstruction of Higher Normal Education in the Early People's Republic of China

新中国成立之初,基于现实的需要和历史的经验教训,主张发展教育、师资先行,特别是高师教育最为重要,故而在各大行政区各设立一所师范大学,这与近代教育先贤苦苦推行的"高师教育分区制"暗合,同时还提出地方上也应建立师范教育机关。为了实现这一宏伟的计划,在"院系调整"中,不仅撤销了大学教育学院,还撤销了部分普通大学,着力改建师范学院。经此改革,高师教育也结束了此前动荡的前五十年史,迎来了新的发展契机。但旧有观念和认识的消退,绝非朝夕之事,社会舆论包括学界仍旧怀疑是否需要独立的高师教育,教育部对此持开放态度,让双方相互辩论,结果真理越辩越明——中国需要独立的高师教育,由此获得了稳定的后五十年史,直到新世纪前夕教育体制改革,变更了师资培养的方式。立国之初的改革,可谓承前启后之功。

In the early People＇s Republic of China,based on the history and reality,each Grand Administrative Area saw the establishment of one normal university,which was accord with the system of ＂zoning of higher normal education＂ implemented in modern China.To realize this great goal,not only the colleges of education in universities but even some universities were changed as normal colleges in the process of adjustment of departments.As a result,higher normal education ended its fifty years＇ turbulence and caught a new chance,But public opinion including some academics＇ doubted whether it was necessary to have it developed separately.The Ministry of Education made this problem debated in public,which led to a positive conclusion.Thus,it had developed steadily in the following fifty years until the reform of education system before the 21 st century,which changed the way of teacher training.As a whole,these reforms in the early People＇s Republic of China served as a link between past traditions and the development in the future.