多商品流供应链网络应对随机需求扰动研究

Study on the Multi-commodity Supply Chain Network Coping with Random Demand Disruption

研究随机需求下多生产商与多零售商组成、生产和销售多种产品的供应链网络如何应对需求扰动问题。利用Nash均衡理论与变分不等式方法,给出了突发事件发生前随机需求多商品流供应链网络供给市场、零售市场和需求市场的均衡条件和经济解释,建立了刻画各层均衡和供应链网络整体均衡的变分不等式模型。当突发事件导致需求扰动,供需矛盾将引起需求市场价格波动和供应链运作风险的激增。分析生产商允许零售商二次订货和退货下供应链网络均衡的变化,建立了基于二次订货与退货合同可应对需求扰动的随机需求多商品供应链网络均衡变分不等式模型。数值算例验证了模型的合理性,表明二次订货与退货合同可有效应对需求扰动。

This paper studies how a supply chain network consisting of many manufacturers and many retailers , who manufacture and sell many kinds of products , copes with the demand disruption .The equilibrium conditions of supply market , retail market and demand market in multi-commodity supply chain network with random demand before the happen of unexpected event are put forward respectively together with their economic explains by using Nash equilibrium theory and variational inequality method .Variational inequality models are set up to characterize the equilibrium states of each layer and whole supply chain network .When the market demand is disrupted by an unexpected events , the contraction between supply and demand will result in the fluctuation of price at demand market and the increasing risk in supply chain operation .The change of supply chain network equilibrium is analyzed when the manufacturers allow the retailers to replenish inventory and to return the rem-nant goods .The variational inequality equilibrium model of multi-commodity supply chain network with random demand is set up to cope with demand disruption based on the second order and return contracts .Numerical examples prove the reasonability of models , which show that the second order and return contracts can effectively cope with demand disruption .