小岗村实行“大包干”推动农村经济改革的启示

Revelation from the Implementation of“All-round Contract”in Xiaogang Village to Promote the Rural Economic Reform

"文革"结束后,随着国家政治气氛的宽松,四川、安徽等地农村出现各种形式的承包制。小岗村后来成为典型个案。1978年底,小岗村一二十户农民冒着违反国家农业政策的风险,实行包干到户的"大包干"制,此举扭转了他们长期贫困的境地。而且,以此为契机,各地的改革试验共同推动了中国农村经济全面实行家庭联产承包制的改革大局。"小杠杆撬动大局面"这一中国改革中的特色,既基于基层生产的实践,也得益于高层领导的决策。这种模式只要具有成功的基层试点,民主的领导作风,以及决策层以国家和人民群众利益为重的立场,就是一条可以持续发展、成功的模式,值得我们进一步探索其中的规律。相信这种探索也将会对当前我国经济结构调整和产业转型升级带来有益的启示。

After the Cultural Revolution, along with the relaxation of national political at- mosphere, various forms of contract system arose in rural areas in Sichuan and Anhui prov- ince. Xiaogang Village became a typical case. By the end of 1978, ten or twenty households in Xiaogang Village risked violating national agricultural policy to implement the responsibility to the family of ＂Dabaogan＂ system. It reversed their long--term poverty. And, for this op- portunity, reform experiments in various regions promoted the Chinese rural household con- tract system reform. ＂Little leverage being leveraged the big situation＂ in the reform with Chinese characteristics is based on the practice of primary production, also benefited from the senior leaders. This mode, as long as the successful grassroots pilot, democratic style of leadership, and the decision--making level to the interests of the country and people, is a sustainable development and the successful model, which is worthy of further explora- tion. This paper will bring beneficial enlightenments on China＇ s current economic structural adjustment and the upgrade of industrial transformation.