从业本到人本——“重农”新解

From Industry First to People-oriented:New Explanation of “Place Value upon Agriculture”

自古四业以农为本。但历代王朝"重农"而农民负担益重。以重农为名抑商,不只是打击民间工商业,而且窒碍农业发展。为了避免"重农而农益轻",王夫之等曾力主"轻自耕之赋"甚至"有田者必自耕,……不为农则无田",对于借口重农而抑商,叶适也曾提出尖锐批评。今日中国仍需重农。维护家庭农民的各项合法权益并积极扶持务农人走向富裕,是在农业和农村落实"以人为本"的不二选择。

Agriculture has been the fundamental industry among the 4 industries since ancient times, but burdens upon farmers became heavier and heavier under the name of ＂pla- cing value upon agriculture＂ in every dynasty. The policy of restraining commerce in the name of ＂placing values upon agriculture＂ not only hit folk businesses but also hindered the agricultural development. To avoid ＂more ignorance of agriculture in the name of placing val- ue upon agriculture＂, Mr. Wang Fuzhi suggested that the government should reduce the ta- xes of self--cultivation farmers or even farmers should not have the right to own land if he does not engage into the cultivation. To the point ＂restraining commerce in the name of pla- cing value upon agriculture＂, Mr. Ye Shi sharply criticized it. Today, China should also place value on agriculture to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of family farmers and actively support farmers to become wealthy, which is the only choice to implement the ＂people--oriented＂ policy in the rural areas.