农田面源污染监测技术与方法(英文)

Reviews on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Monitoring Techniques and Methods

农田养分流失已经成为农业面源污染和水体氮、磷富营养化的主要原因之一,农田面源污染监测技术与方法在农业面源污染控制中十分重要。本文综述了农田面源污染的各种监测技术,包括径流产生污染物监测、淋溶产生污染物监测和在线监测。农田径流污染物的主要监测方法主要有人工模拟降雨产流法、流量计法、堰测法和容积法;农田淋溶污染物主要监测方法有淋溶盘法、淋溶集水槽法、渗漏池法、抽滤管法和模拟土柱法;农田养分流失在线监测虽然尚存在一定的技术瓶颈和经济局限性,是今后的主要发展方向。

Farmland nutrient loss has become one of the main reason causing agri- cultural nonpoint source pollution and water nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring techniques and methods are very important in agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. This paper reviews the various monitoring techniques of agricultural non-point source pollution, including runoff pollutant monitoring, leaching pollutant monitoring and on-line monitoring. The runoff pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included artificial simulation of rain- fall runoff method, flow meter method, weir method and volumetric method. The leaching pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included leaching plate method, leaching gutter method, leakage pooling method, pumping filter pipe method and simulating soil column method. Although online monitoring of farmland nutrient loss still exists some technical bottlenecks and economic limitations, it is the future di- rection of development.