镇江市丹徒区重点水域血吸虫感染性监测预警与应急处置

Surveillance and forecast and emergency management of schistosomiasis prevalence at the focal waters in Dantu district of Zhenjiang city

目的为及时了解重点地区水体的血吸虫感染性,以便及时发布预警信息,落实综合防控措施,严防急性血吸虫病疫情的发生。方法回顾性收集2006~2008年镇江市丹徒区血吸虫病疫情资料,在全区沿江乡镇重点水域共设置预警监测点6个,2009年和2010年5~9月采取螺情监测、水体感染性监测、血吸虫毛蚴污染水体监测等方法开展重点水域血吸虫感染性监测,对阳性监测预警点及时发布预警通报,并开展人畜查治、查灭螺及灭蚴、健康教育等应急处置措施。结果 2009年和2010年5~9月6个监测预警点螺情监测均未查到感染性钉螺。水体感染性监测,共投放哨鼠1 200只,回收1 126只,哨鼠回收率为93.83%;共解剖1 126只,检获阳性哨鼠13只,哨鼠血吸虫总感染率为1.15%;发现哨鼠阳性点3处,其中1处2010年6、7月连续2次监测为阳性。血吸虫毛蚴污染水体监测共投放哨螺6 000只,回收5 500只,回收率为91.67%,共逸蚴钉螺21 348只次,解剖3 311只钉螺,均未发现阳性钉螺。对阳性监测预警点共发布预警4次。应急处置对接触疫水人员等重点人群查病1 482人,查出DDIA阳性82人,阳性率5.53%;查出粪阳7人,感染率为0.47%;检查羊169只次,查出阳性7只次,感染率4.14%。对监测预警阳性点及其周边环境开展查螺15hm^2,未查出阳性钉螺;灭螺20hm^2;应急灭蚴合计11hm^2。2年全区未发生一例急性血吸虫病。结论对重点水域血吸虫感染性监测预警与应急处置,可有效地防控血吸虫病疫情的发生,使全区血吸虫病传播控制达标成果得到进一步巩固。

Objective To understand the infectiion status of schistosome in water body of risk areas in order to early release the warnings and implement comprehensive measures to prevent the prevalence of acute schistosomiasis.Methods The data were collected on the endemic status of schistosomiasis in Dantu District of Zhenjiang City from 2006 to 2008,and 6 surveillance sites were determined at the focal waters distributed in the towns of Dantu area.Surveillance was performed over the snail infestation,water infectivity,prevalence of miracidia of Schistosoma japonicum in the focal water body from May to September between 2009 and 2010,and the positive were released in timely manner.Emergency measures were implemented,including intensive monitoring over the water infectivity,investigation on the status of snail infestation and its eradication as well as health education.Results Infested snails were free during the period of surveillance.A total of 1200 sentinel mouse were distributed,and 1126 were recovered（93.83%）,in which 13 were found positive（1.15%）.Three sites were potentially infested,and one site was suspected in consecutive 2 surveillances in June and July of 2010.5 500 sentinel snails in 6 000 were recovered（91.67%）,in which 3 311 received detection by the cercariashedding test,and showed no infections.Four times of warnings were released on the positive results.Screening examination of the 1 482 subjects contacted with the infested water by dipstick dye immunoassay（DDIA）,positive results were found in 82（5.53%）,and 7 were positive stools（0.47%）.Seven in 169 herds of sheep were detected with infection（4.14%）.A total of 15hm^2 of water body within the monitoring sites were surveyed,where showed no snail infestation.Eradication of the snails and miracidia was performed respectively in 20hm2 and 11hm^2 of water body.No single case of acute schistosomiasis occurred in two-year period of surveillance.Conclusion Surveillance over the water body of risk areas may effectively control the incidence of schistosomiasis endemic through early warning and emergency management.