高炉铜冷却壁取样研究及破损原因分析

Damage Reason Analysis of BF Copper Stave

在整个高炉结构中,炉身下部至炉腰、炉腹位置是影响高炉寿命最薄弱环节之一,铜冷却壁应用该区域可形成"渣皮"作为永久性炉衬,有效延长高炉中部寿命,实现了高炉高效和长寿的统一。然而,在生产实践中渣皮频繁脱落,铜冷却壁热面裸露,导致铜冷却壁大面积破损,严重影响生产。针对鞍钢某高炉铜冷却壁破损情况进行了简单的介绍;采用金相分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析和化学分析方法,对破损的高炉炉腰段铜冷却壁进行取样研究。研究结果表明:在高炉内服役过程中,铜冷却壁中氧含量偏高,在受到高温煤气流冲蚀后,在其热面产生了"氢脆"现象,这是造成铜冷却壁破损的根本原因。提出了防止铜冷却壁破损的建议。

It was generally acknowledged that the area of lower shaft, belly and bosh of blast furnace was a weak link of the whole structure. With the application of copper stave, this problem has been solved. Meanwhile, the BF life has been prolonged significantly. However, because of the slag skull being removed from copper stave hot surface, phenomena of naked on copper stave hot surface happened occasionally which resulted in copper stave being damaged extensively and had serious influence on production. The damage condition was described. By means of metallography, SEM and EDS, chemical analysis, a sampling study has been made on damage copper cooling stave of blast furnace. The results show that, the damage of copper stave is caused by hydrogen embrittlement which is due to higher oxygen content of copper stave scoured by high temperature gas current. Also, several suggestions on preventing the damage of copper stave has proposed.