清末民初广东、江苏海外移民比较研究——以华侨省籍分布差异成因为主的分析

A Historical Comparison of International Migrants from Guangdong and Jiangsu Provinces during the Late Qing and the Early Republic Periods

论文从迁入地因素、迁移主体两个主要因素,比较分析了广东和江苏不同的海外移民趋势的成因。从迁出地因素看,人口压力并不一定导致人口迁移。传统农业经济中的多种经济模式和生产方式、近代城市和近代工业的兴起,是影响国际人口迁移的客观条件。从迁移主体因素看,广东和江苏分属岭南文化和江南文化系统。岭南文化传统中存在反叛精神与冒险意识,广东华侨具有迁移经验、知识、气质等,都是迁移者所必备的迁移禀赋。而文教一直比较发达的江苏,更有"敏于习文"、"士乐名教"等文化特质,注重安土重迁。迁移者的地方民性以及迁移者形成的路径依赖也对人口迁移产生了影响。

Using the push and pull theory put forward by E. G. Ravenstein, the author of this article compares the scale of overseas migration from Guangdong province with the migration from Jiangsu province during the late Qing and the early Republic periods. He concludes that the great disparity in terms of migrant numbers between these two coastal provinces is both the ramification of varied economic developing levels, as the former failed to absorb surplus labor while the latter was able to do so, and the demonstration of the distinction between the Jiangnan culture and the Lingnan culture, as the former encouraged overseas adventure while the latter preferred domestic development.