近地轨道航天器快速交会技术分析

Quick Rendezvous Analysis for Spacecraft in Low Earth Orbit

航天器交会对接是空间工程的一项关键技术,是各种复杂和大型航天任务的基础。随着空间技术的发展,传统2天交会模式任务周期长的问题逐渐凸显。文章结合俄罗斯近期进行的近地轨道快速交会对接任务,分析快速交会技术应用、弃用、重新启用的发展历程和原因,基于俄罗斯传统2天交会对接方案,研究了减少交会任务周期的方法和快速交会对接任务周期范围,分析快速交会对接相位特性和可行性并提出应急方案,最后分析俄罗斯快速交会模式演化并提出改进措施。文章分析成果可为我国快速交会对接方案设计提供参考依据。

Spacecraft rendezvous and docking is a key technology for space project,which is the basis of complex and large spaceflight mission.With the rapid development of space technology,long duration of traditional two-day rendezvous profile has become a big problem for rendezvous mission.With combination of Russian quick rendezvous and docking mission in low earth orbit recently,the evolution history of quick rendezvous technology and the reasons why it is applied,abandoned and re-applied again are analyzed in this paper.Furthermore,some possible ways of reducing renduzvous duration and duration range of quick rendezvous and docking mission are studied based on Russian traditional two-day rendezvous and docking profile.Then,phase characteristics and feasibility of quick rendezvous and docking are analyzed,and the emergency schemes are proposed.Finally,the evolvement of Russian quick rendezvous profile is analyzed and improvements of quick rendezvous are proposed.These results can provide references for mission design of our quick rendezvous and docking.