气球型深空探测器技术研究进展

Progress of Balloon Technologies for Deep Space Explorer

气球型深空探测器能够大大提高深空探测的机动能力,它不仅可以获取区域范围内的高分辨率观测数据,而且还可实现不同高度大气的原位测量。文章针对气球型深空探测器按技术特征进行了分类,并简述了各类气球探测器的原理和特点,重点总结了各类气球探测器在金星、火星和土卫六上应用的研究现状。针对我国未来的气球型深空探测器技术发展,提出首先以火星热气球为发展方向,与地球临近空间浮空器技术的发展彼此借鉴,促进关键技术领域的技术突破等建议,可为我国未来深空探测提供参考。

The deep space balloon will greatly improve the mobility of exploration.It can not only provide high resolution observation data on a regional scale,but also realize the in-situ measurements of the atmosphere at different altitudes.Balloons are classified according the technical characteristics.The principles and characteristics of each category are introduced briefly.Investigations on status of the applications of balloon in the exploration of Venus,Mars and Titan are summarized in detail.The suggestions on developing Chinese deep space balloon have been put forward as follows.The first step should focus on the development of Martian hot-air ballon,the deep space balloon and near space acrobat developments would benefit from each other,and the development of key technologies should be stimulated.The suggestions can be used as a reference for Chinese deep exploration in future.