干粉灭火剂研究及应用进展

Research review on the preparation and application of dry fire-extinguishing powders

干粉类灭火剂是目前消防行业广泛使用的灭火剂类型。综述了普通BC干粉灭火剂、ABC干粉灭火剂及超细干粉灭火剂的研究进展及应用状况。在此基础上,详细分析了3种干粉灭火剂的特点、存在的主要问题及应用前景,提出以碳酸氢钠为基料的BC干粉灭火剂已进入产业发展后期,需要更先进的新配方灭火剂出现;以磷酸铵盐为基料的ABC干粉灭火剂正处于产业鼎盛期,仍有相当的发展空间;超细干粉灭火剂应在灭火机理、配方优化、适用范围等方面开展进一步的研究。还对超细干粉先进、环保,可以替代普通干粉的观点提出了质疑,并提出超细干粉对火焰自由基的消耗主要是物理吸附而非化学反应的观点。

This paper is attempting to make a research review on the preparation and application of the dry fire-extinguishing powders through a summary-making of the research status-in-situ of the popu- lar-used BC dry fire extinguishing powder, the ABC dry fire extinguishing powder and the ultrafine dry fire extinguishing powder. As a matter of fact, the dry fire extinguishing powder has been widely used in the fire-extinguishing industry for recent years. For the purpose of further development of the technology concerned, we have made a detailed analysis of the characteristic features of the above-mentioned three kinds of dry fire extinguishing powder. As is seen, the main problems and development prospects in the future can be summed up and predicted that the BC dry fire extinguishing powder can be said to have entered the late industry development stage with sodium bicar- bonate as the basic material. Therefore, more advanced new techno- logical methods with better fire extinguishing agents are needed for its upgrade. As to the ABC dry fire extinguishing powder with ammonium phosphate as the basic material, it can be said that the technology has now been experiencing its heyday. Nevertheless, there remains still a considerable gap for its further improvements. On the other hand, the ultrafine dry fire extinguishing powder is waiting for further research before fully denitrifying its fire extinguishing mechanism, its preparation and application prosperity has to be optimized in the ever-increasing intensity of the home and abroad competition through en- hancing the scientific and technological efforts to build up a more sounded foundation for making the ultrafine dry fire extinguishing powders. And, in this connection, we have put forward a problem of substitution of the ordinary dry fire extinguishing powder by the ultrafine dry fire powder. The reason for our supposition lies in that the ultrafine dry fire extinguishing powder can be made to produce the flame free radicals mainly through physical adsorption rather than through chemical reaction. And, finally, we have also given a discussion with the dry fire extinguishing powder technology and predict that the BC dry fire extinguishing powder with the sodium bicarbonate as the chief element will be more fashioned as the time goes on. What is more, since the ABC dry fire extinguishing powder takes ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as its main flame-producer, it still enjoys advantages for a long time, but the ultrafine dry fire powder has to wait for deeper research efforts before its being made perfect.