江西省畜禽粪便污染物产生量及其耕地负荷分析

Production of animal waste pollutants and their cropland load in Jiangxi Province

为全面掌握江西畜禽养殖污染实际情况,以2011年江西各类畜禽养殖数量为基础,通过畜禽粪便排泄系数、粪便污染物平均质量比等参数,估算了全省畜禽粪便和污染物COD、BOD、氨氮(NH3-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的产生量,并以畜禽粪便耕地负荷、粪便氮养分耕地负荷及粪便磷养分耕地负荷3个指标来评价全省畜禽养殖的污染负荷。结果表明,2011年全省畜禽养殖共产生7965.07万t粪尿、208.98万t CODCr、183.47万t BOD5、17.79万t NH3-N、14.20万t TP、44.22万t TN;畜禽粪便及其中氮、磷养分平均耕地负荷分别为21.16 t/(hm2·a)、123.81 kg/(hm2·a)、39.76 kg/(hm2·a)。以畜禽粪便耕地负荷30 t/(hm2·a)、畜禽粪便氮耕地负荷170 kg/(hm2·a)和畜禽粪便磷耕地负荷35 kg/(hm2·a)作为评价标准,全省分别有3、4和8个设区市超过了对应标准限值。无论以哪个指标作为评价标准,新余市、宜春市和抚州市这3个设区市的耕地负荷都远超过相应的限量标准,畜禽养殖密度较高,对当地环境构成了严重污染威胁。

This paper intends to introduce our study on the animal waste pollutants and their cropland load in Jiangxi Province. As is known, with the fast development of China＇s domestic animal breeding, the animal waste has become one of the main origins of China＇s rural non-point source pollution. Take Jiangxi as an example, the production amount of animal waste and its emission pollutants, such as CODCr, BOD5, NH3 - N, TN and TP were estimated through the parameters of the discharge coefficients and pollutant contents based on the breeding number in the year 2011. The three indicators of the main pollution in the rural areas of Jiangxi Province are generally thought to be animal waste cropland load, N cropland load and P cropland load. The statistic records show that, in 2011, the total size of animal manure in Jiangxi reached 79 650 700 tons with the total content of CODcr being 2 089 800 tons, that of BOD5 being 1 834 700 tons, NH3 - N equal to 177 900 tons, TP of 142 000 tons while TN being of 442 200 tons. The average cropland load of animal waste and its nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient is 21.16 t/（hm2 a）, 123.81 kg/（hm2a） and 39.76 kg/（hm2 a）, respectively. The animal waste cropland load of 30 t/（hm2 a）, N cropland load of 170 kg/（hm2 a） and P cropland load of 35 kg/（hm2 a） have been taken as the evaluation standards to study the pollution load from animal breeding. Within the reach of our investigation, the statistics of ours can include 3 cities, 4 cities and 8 cities respectively, which exceed- ed the corresponding standard limit of animal waste cropland load, N cropland load and P cropland load. Our evaluation indicators show that P cropland load turned to be stricter than the other two. Whichever indicator was taken, Xinyu, Yichun and Fuzhou tended to exceed the corresponding standards far beyond. It is predicted that the breeding density of the above said city areas are seriously high, which may likely to bring about pollution threats to the local environment safety according to the standards. Thus, it is indeed urgent for the said cities to take effective measures to treat the animal breeding pollutants so as to effectively control and manage their threat to the environment safety.