芦苇种植对加拿大一枝黄花防控的效应研究

Inhibition of Phragmites communis cultivation on the aggressive plant Solidago canadensis

加拿大一枝黄花在自然环境中竞争力极强,使本土多种杂草灭绝,逐渐形成单一优势群落,影响生物多样性,破坏生态平衡,是一种恶性杂草。在绍兴镜湖新区道路边的荒地设立试验样地,建立20m×4 m连续观测点,分别在2014年5月、6月、7月、8月通过对芦苇和加拿大一枝黄花的混种实地观测,对它们的叶龄、叶色、株高、分株率、节间距及先期出芽率等生长指数按期测量记录,并记录水层深度和出穗期,在混生群落中收割4 m×4 m样地加拿大一枝黄花和芦苇植株各20株,用于生物量统计和生长指数测量,并对这两种植物生长因素进行分析。结果表明,芦苇和加拿大一枝黄花混生群落中芦苇发展近似于单优群落,芦苇以较高的平均株高和密度抑制了加拿大一枝黄花生长,混生群落逐渐趋向于芦苇单优群落。混生群落芦苇平均每株生物量近似于单优群落,加拿大一枝黄花平均每株生物量显著低于其单优群落,光合作用受到显著抑制,植株生长缓慢。加拿大一枝黄花和芦苇都具有较强的种间竞争和拮抗作用,在混生试验地中芦苇比加拿大一枝黄花更具有竞争优势,具有将加拿大一枝黄花排除出去的趋势。在芦苇和加拿大一枝黄花的混生环境生态区域,本土植物芦苇具有在本区域内生态压制和排挤加拿大一枝黄花生长的作用。

The paper is mainly concerned about the three aspects of the mishap on the Solidago Canadensis, a malignant weed that enjoys very strong competitiveness in nature, which is likely to bring about the extinct of many kinds of inhabitable weeds at home. What is more, the said weed has gradually formulated a set of uniquely supe- rior advantages, which began to bring about the pernicious effects on the biodiversity of the plants and crops, leading to the break-down of the ecosystem balance. Seeing through the destructive harm of the pernicious weed, we have worked out a research plan by setting up a sample plot （20 m × 4 m） at the edge of the urban roadway from Jinghu to Shaoxing, keeping on the so-called fieldwork in May, June, July and August, 2014, four times by organizing the mixed- farming of the two species （Solidago Canadenais and Phragmites Communis ）. While monitoring the specific ecological parameters of the two species of weeds for mixed fanning, we have tested, recorded and measured respectively their leaf age, color, height and division rate, in addition to the intemodal length, the sprouting rate and the biomass growing situation till finishing the record of the water depth and the earing stage of the plants. In hoping to work out the detailed competitiveness and the aggressiveness between the two species, we have collected 20 strains through the respective harvests from S. Canadensis and P. Communis samples in the 4 m x 4 m sample. The results have shown that in the mixed community of the species, the average height, coverage degree, the density and the important data of the P. Communis which are very close to the actual results obtained in P. Communis mono-community and turned to be superior to those of S. Canadensis. However, the photosynthesis of the Cana- dian weeds has been significantly suppressed and reduced with the other plants growing slowing. The results of our experiments have demonstrated that there does exist competition and antagonism be- tween S. Canadensis and P. communis in the species mixed com- munities, with S. Canadensis found inferior in aggressiveness to P. communis. Thus, it can be concluded that in the mixed floras of S. Canadensis and P. Communis, the local plant P. communis has the potentiality to control, defeat and prevent the expansion of the alien invasive plant S. Canadensis.