果刺两用皂荚优良无性系选育研究

Breeding Study on Fine Clone of Fruit and Thorn Amphibious Gleditsia sinensis

皂荚是山西省重要的乡土经济型树种,近几年对皂荚良种苗需求不断增大,选育良种迫在眉睫。山西省林业科学研究院乡土树种课题组科技人员从2008年开始,在山西省设11个点,以皂荚果刺两用为目标,通过初选、复选和决选,选出6株皂荚优树。通过6 a的嫁接试验,对山西省6个产地的皂荚优良无性系的产量和经济性状指标进行测定和分析,并利用主成分分析法选出果刺两用皂荚最优品系为12号母树。嫁接5 a后,12号无性系单株产刺量1.06 kg,刺平均长度、平均粗度、平均重分别为16.21 cm,0.61 cm,4.84 g,荚果平均产量5.07 kg/株,荚果平均长度、平均宽度、平均厚度、平均重量、千粒重分别为23.41 cm,2.67 cm,1.08 cm,25.5 g,431.15 g.通过和母树比较,12号无性系保持了良好的遗传特性。

Gleditsia sinensis was important economic tree in Shanxi province. The need of fine Gleditsia sinensis seedlings was increasing in recent years, so it was urgent to breed fine variety. Fruit and thorn amphibious C, leditsia sinensis as goal, research group of Shanxi Academy of Forestry Sciences selected 6 select trees in 11 sites in Shanxi province from 2008, and growth and economic character of Gleditsia sinensis good clone in 6 sites were tested and analyzed, Number 12 seed tree was selected as the best Gleditsia sinensis clone by PCA. Grafting after 5 years, thorn yield, average thorn length, average thickness,average weight of single number 12 were 1.06 kg, 16. 21 cm, 0. 61 cm,4. 84 g, average fruit yield was 5.07 kg per tree, average length, average width, average thickness, average weight, TKW were 23.41 cm, 2.67 cm, 1.08 cm, 25.5 g, 431.15 g. Comparing with seed tree, number 12 had good gene of seed tree.