东北地区垄作免耕覆盖模式对土壤理化特性的影响(英文)

Effect of ridge-till and no-till mulching modes in Northeast China on soil physicochemical properties

为了实现东北垄作区的保护性耕作,针对目前生产上常规垄作与免耕覆盖垄作的保护性耕作模式,就2种不同模式对土壤理化特性的影响,深入东北三省保护性耕作示范区,进行田间实际试验和取样分析。对比结果说明免耕覆盖垄作模式较好地满足了玉米种子发芽的种床环境要求：在5~10 cm耕层温度超过10~12℃;土壤含水量达到13%以上;土壤紧实度上层疏松,下层紧实。并且与常规耕作比较提高了土壤有机质含量（1.43 g/kg）与N、P、K含量（22.32 mg/kg,2.05 mg/kg,3.11 mg/kg）。但是发现由于垄高（9.43~11.5 cm）低于常规垄作（13~18 cm）达到3.57~6.5 cm,而不利于垄作优势的发挥,建议加大东北玉米垄作免耕播种机的创新设计,以解决整机超重,压平垄台,压实垄沟的问题。研究结果可为东北寒地干旱区保护性耕作技术模式的推广应用提供理论依据。

Conventional ridge tillage is the dominant patterns used in ridge zone in Northeast China at present. In order to achieve the conversation tillage in Northeast China, we investigated the conventional tillage demonstration area of three provinces in Northeast China, conducted the field experiment and analyzed of different samples for the purpose of analyzing the influence on soil physicochemical properties. Comparison results show that no-till mulching ridge pattern is better in satisfying the bed environmental requirements of corn seed germination： Soil temperature is above 10℃-12℃ in 5-10 cm depth soil lawyer; soil moisture content is above 13%; the requirement of soil compactness is the upper loose, the lower tight, and increase the content of soil organic matter（1.43g/kg） and N, P, K content of the soil are 22.32 mg/kg, 2.05 mg/kg and 3.11 mg/kg, respectively. But we also found that the height of ridge in no-till mulching zone（9.43-11.5 cm） is lower（3.57-6.5 cm） than that in conventional tillage zone（13-18 cm）, it is not conducive to playing the advantages of ridge tillage. We suggest intensifying the innovative design of corn no-till planter, in order to solve the problems of overweight, flatten ridge and compaction furrow.