野外放养牲畜跟踪与定位技术的探索和设计(英文)

Research and design of technology for tracking and positioning wild stocking animals

野外放养牲畜,牲畜活动量大、肉质鲜美,很受商家推崇。但是牲畜经常走失,使养殖成本增大,研究一种能够对牲畜定位技术对牲畜野外放养管理有很重要的意义。成熟的卫星定位技术——GPS、北斗、无线网络定位(蜂窝网络、WLAN和无线传感器网络辅助定位系统)和野生动物无线电追踪技术都可以直接应用,但受放养家畜活动地域地理环境复杂,以及经济承受能力等因素影响,实际应用有相当的难度。该文结合GPS定位和无线移动蜂窝网络定位技术原理,探索研究一种伪无线移动蜂窝网络定位技术用于野外家畜的定位和跟踪。分析表明,该技术能够满足复杂地理环境,同时利用智能电源管理和远程设备设定等功能控制设备可持续工作,这样就降低了单纯卫星定位的复杂性和高成本,可以满足野外放养牲畜的定位需求。这种对野外放养家畜的定位管理简单、实用、成本低,并可为更进一步研究提供基础支持。

Wild stocking animals become a trend as the animals activate a lot and their meat are delicious. But the stocking animals are often lost which leads to increase cost in farming. Therefore, it is very important to research on positioning technology, which is essential for wild stocking animal management. Although the mature satellite positioning technology- GPS, Compass, Wi-Fi positioning（cell network, WLAN and wireless sensor network-assisted positioning system） and wildlife radio-tracking technology can be applied in positioning, but it is extremely difficult to track the wild stocking animals because of the complex geographical environment the animals active, the affordability of farmers and other affecting factors. Combined with GPS positioning and wireless mobile cell network positioning technology, this study researches on the positioning technology of pseudo-cellular wireless mobile network for locating and tracking wild animals. Pseudo-cellular base station location, PCBSL for short, is a mobile communications network based on the principle of a positioning radiolocation and tracking technology, different from wireless mobile communications cellular network positioning, which is a direct application of mobile communication network positioning technology. In the technology of mobile communication, to determine the location of a mobile terminal in the network, it is calculated by the relative position of the device with the different base stations. The position of mobile terminals is determined through base station. The base station divided the whole communication area into many individual cells, the diameter of each cell ranged from tens of meters to thousands of meters mobie terminals actually get online through one of these cells, and then transfer data（voice, text, or multimedia data） via internet. Therefore, when a mobile terminal communicates in the internet, it is always connected to one of the cells, so the position of the mobile terminal can be determined by which cell it connected to the base station. Pseudo wireless mobile cellular network is similar in principle to build the base station network with base station as the core. The whole system consists of base station and mobile beacon and the composition is much simpler than mobile communication network. In PCBSL system, the main function of BS is to position RB and data forwarding. RB is a mobile device carried by livestock which could emit positioning signals. There are two kinds of PCBSL positioning： Single base station location which relies on a single base station, and Multi- station location, which uses multiple base stations to cooperate. The former achieves coarse positioning of beacons, of which the algorithm is similar to the TOA / TDOA algorithm of GSM. The latter can achieve relatively accurate positioning of beacons, of which there are AHLos algorithm, RADAR algorithm, the centroid algorithm, DV-HOP algorithm, APIT algorithm, MAP algorithm and so on, or the improved algorithms of them. When precise geographic information is needed, then GPS or Beidou system is invoked to provide more accurate location data. In order to adapt to the complex geographical environment, using functions like intelligent power management and remote device settings to control continuous work of devices, which reduces the complexity and high cost from simple GPS and meets the positioning demand of wild livestock stocking.