大相岭山系泥巴山大熊猫生境廊道设计

A corridor design for the giant panda in the Niba Mountain of China

生境廊道是促进基因交流,避免生物小种群灭绝的有效手段.大相岭是现存大熊猫栖息地面积和数量都很少的山系,泥巴山是大相岭大熊猫核心种群与邛崃山大熊猫种群的关键连接区域.为了探讨大熊猫生境廊道的设计方法,促进泥巴山廊道的建设,有效保护大熊猫栖息地,利用全国第三次大熊猫调查(2000-2001年)资料和2011-2012年的野外调查资料,采用Maxent模型、Linkage mapper廊道设计软件和最小成本路径法(Least-cost path,LCP),对大相岭泥巴山大熊猫生境廊道进行设计.研究结果显示:所设计廊道位于海拔1 400-3 000 m,宽度设置为2 250 m,长度为15.76 km,面积为38.5 km2.廊道内部植被以阔叶林、灌丛和针叶林为主;其中74.19%的面积为相对适宜栖息地,25.29%的面积为不适宜栖息地,0.52%的面积为适宜栖息地.本研究表明,廊道内部适宜栖息地所占的比例非常小,需要对廊道进行改造并加以保护,使不适宜的栖息地转变为适宜栖息地,保障大熊猫的顺利通行.

Habitat corridor is an effective way to enhance gene communication, and avoid extinction of small populations. The Niba Mountain, as a part of the Daxiangling Mountains, is the key area to connect the central populations of the giant panda in the Daxiangling Mountains with the populations in the Qionglai Mountains. In order to research the design method of the corridor for the giant panda and promote the construction of the Niba Mountain corridor, we designed a giant panda habitat corridor in the Niba Mountain based on the third national survey on the giant panda （2000-2001） and field survey data from 2011 to 2012. Maxent model, Linkage mapper corridor design software, and a least-cost path model （LCP） were used to design the corridor. The habitat corridor to build is 2 250 m in width and 15.76 km in length, covering an area of 38.5 km2 and distributing between the altitudes of 1 400 m and 3 000 m. Vegetation types of the corridor are mainly broad-leaved forests, shrubs, and coniferous forests. Most of the areas are moderately suitable and unsuitable habitat, accounting for 74.19% and 25.29%, respectively, of the total area. Only 0.52% is suitable habitat. Therefore, to ensure smooth passing-through of the giant panda, the designed corridor needs further transformation and protection to increase the area of suitable habitat.