“生命政治”论的隐秘线索:一个思想史的考察

The Hidden Thread of the Historical Theorization of Biopolitics

晚近十几年来,生命政治已成为政治思想的一个核心关键词,乃至在欧陆思想中形成了一个"生命政治的转向"。生命政治论惯常被追溯到法国思想家米歇尔·福柯,本文则将它再往上推半个世纪。从20世纪20年代的生命政治的"史前史"入手,这个研究旨在揭开一条思想史上的隐在线索。尽管福柯与阿甘本是生命政治的两个核心思想家,但他们在学理层面的关系,并非一种简单的承继与发展关系,相反充满着深层次的对立与抵牾。只有从生命政治的"史前史"出发,才能疏理出生命政治论发展的内在线索。

Biopolitics has become in last two decades one of the key words of political thought, and it is even said that there is already a ＂biopolitical turn＂ in continental thought. The theorization of biopolitics is very often traced back to the French thinker Michel Foucault. Opposing that view, this paper goes back to the 1920s, aiming at uncovering a hidden thread in the intellectual history of biopolities. Though Foucault and the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben are viewed two key thinkers of biopolitics, their theorizations of biopolitics are, far from being a simple succession, radically incompatible, if not antagonistic. It is thus, argued by this research, only the tracing-back to the origin of ＂biopolitical thought＂ the theoretical development of biopolitics. that can unearth an inner logic embedded in