文化模式的结盟、解盟与再结盟——维尔达夫斯基论美国政治文化的变化

Alignment,Unwinding Alliance and Realignment of Different Ways of Life——Wildavsky on Political Cultural Shifts in America

作为一个多元文化模式的统一体,美国政治文化的特征并非一成不变,而是随社会关系、社会制度的变化而变化。不同国家或同一国家不同发展阶段的政治文化差异,其实是各文化模式按照不同比例排列组合的产物。纯粹单一的文化模式难以独自生存,它会适时选择与其他文化模式结盟、解盟甚至再结盟。在维尔达夫斯基看来,美国的"个人主义—平等主义"政治文化同盟(亦被他称之为"美国式个人主义"),因激进平等主义的兴起而转向"个人主义—等级制"同盟,便是遵循上述政治文化变化的逻辑。

As an entity with cultural diversity, the characteristics of American political culture did not stay the same all the time, but altered as the social relationship and institutions had changed. The diversities in political culture among countries or different historical stages within one country were the result of permutations among various ways of life according to varying proportions. Pure single way of life could not live alone, so it would ally with other ways of life, or break this alliance,or even choose to ally again. In Wildavsky＇s opinion, in America, as the rise of radical egalitarianism, the ＇individualistic-egalitarian＇ coalition （also be called ＇American individ- ualism＇ by him） turning to ＇individualistic-hierarchical＇ coalition was just following those logics in political cultural shifts.