城市基础设施领域中政府与市场的互补及融合——基于规制与竞争互动演进视角的分析

Integration between government and market in the field of urban infrastructure: based on the interactive revolution of regulation and competitiveness

如何定位和协调政府规制与市场竞争的分工,是城市基础设施领域无法回避的重要理论与现实问题。从历史角度看,自然垄断理论的研究进展为城市基础设施建设放松规制提供了有效支撑。规制理论经历了"强化规制—放松规制—再规制"的发展阶段,研究主题也由"市场失灵与政府矫正措施"过渡至"政府规制效果检验",并进一步向"规制框架下竞争机制引入"的方向演进。受这一理论演进的影响,中国城市基础设施建设、运营与管理逐渐从政府单一主导模式向政府与市场并存的模式转变。相应地,政府与市场的关系也由二元对立走向互补融合。城市基础设施市场化改革应在保障市场基础性作用的前提下,塑造规制与竞争互补融合的格局,进而实现规制最小化与竞争最大化的最佳组合。

How to position and integrate the specializa- tion between government regulation and market competition is an inevitably important theoretical and realistic problem in the field of urban infrastructure. From the perspective of historical development, the progress of the natural monopoly theory provides the theoretical support for urban infrastructure deregulation, mean- while, the government regulation experienced the variation of ＂regulation strengthening, deregulation and re - regulation＂. Accordingly, the research topics also experienced the change process of market failure and government regulation corrective measures, the government inspection of government regulation, and the introduction of competition mechanism within the frame- work of the regulation. As a result, China＇ s urban infrastructure construction, operation and management mode also gradually shifted from the government dominant paradigm to the government- market coexist, and the relationship between the government and the market in the field of urban infrastructure changed from the binary opposition to the complementary and integration. The reform of market in urban infrastructure should guarantee the market mechanism, and shape a complementary and fusion structure between government regulation and market competition, so as to achieve the best effect in the combination of minimum of government regulation and the maximum of market competition.