北京城区居民大气质量改善支付意愿分析

Willingness to pay and its determinants of Beijing urban residents to improve air quality

运用双边界二分式意愿调查法(CVM),评估作为北京生态涵养区的延庆县生态保护和建设对改善北京大气质量的价值。调查结果显示,1055份有效问卷中,46.8%的受访者有支付意愿,单边界下居民的支付意愿为404.341元/户/年,双边界下为283.905元/户/年,分别占居民家庭收入的0.27%和0.19%。支付意愿受受访者月收入、是否去过延庆、对植树造林作用的认知、对北京大气质量的主观认识、性别等因素影响。研究同时发现,人们存在对大气保护的认识与行为偏差和对公共物品"搭便车"的可能。双边界二分式评估的结果低于单边界评估结果,双边界95%的置信区间范围显著小于单边界同比例置信区间范围,说明双边界评估结果更精确。通过与其他研究的对比发现,本研究在一定程度上避免了CVM评估方法中的"部分—整体"偏差。

In order to evaluate ecological protection and construction of Yanqing as ecological conservation zone to improve Beijing air quality, the double - hounded dichotomous contingent valuation method （CVM） is applied to solicit the urban citizens＇ willingness - to - pay （WTP） for promoting forestation of Yanqing. 1055 valid questionnaires are received. The survey shows that 46.8% of interviewees are willing to pay for it. The results show that the respondents are willing to pay CNY 404. 341 per household per year in average under the single boundary solicitation technique, and the average WTP is CNY 283. 905 per household per year in average with the double boundary solicitation technique, accounting for 0.27% , 0.19% of household income respectively. The WTP is influenced by monthly income whether have been to Yanqing, the effect of forestation, views on air quality and gender. The proportion of residents of positive willingness to pay is lower than that of foresta- tion work on atmosphere to improve air quality, which reflects the deviation of awareness to protect the atmosphere and the behavior, free - rider psychology of public goods. The results with double - bounded CVM is lower than that of single - bounded, and its 95% confidence interval boundaries significantly lower than that of single - bounded, which reminds that the double - bounded CVM is more precise than single- bounded CVM.