体质测试中力量素质评价指标与测试方法的国际比较与启示

Enlightenment and International Comparison of Evaluation Indexes and Test Methods of Strength in Physical Fitness Tests

力量素质测试是当前世界各国和地区体质测试的重要组成部分，基于各国的不同测试理念，各个测试体系表现出不同程度的共性与差异。首先，由于人体运动的解剖结构特点，形成了测试指标在不同身体部位的“体块”分布，各“体块”指标数量限定严格；上肢可选指标多却相对集中；下肢测试必要性存在分歧；同一部位相同指标的适用年龄及性别差异较大。其次，上肢力量测试指标以修正引体向上、标准俯卧撑（男）和修正（屈膝）俯卧撑（女）的可靠性及有效性较高；躯干侧重屈肌力量测试而忽视伸肌力量考察且屈肌测试指标‐仰卧起坐测试要求差异较大，双脚不固定、躯干运动幅度为35°～45°等动作形式要求与节奏测试的可靠性与有效性较高；补充躯干指标以90°Dynamic Trunk Extension 及平板支撑为参考；下肢指标立定跳远存在“技术性”争议，连同两种下蹲跳需进行重新验证。

Strength test is an important component of physical fitness test in many countries and regions in the current world .Based on the different test concept of different countries ,all test systems show commonalities and differences on some degree .First ,due to the anatomical char‐acteristics of the human body ,the test indexes distribute in different ＂body block＂ and the ＂body blocks＂ index number is limited strictly .Upper limb’s optional indexes is relatively more but concentrated .There are different opinions in lower limbs’ test necessity .Second ,modified pull‐ups ,standard push‐ups （for male） and modified push‐ups （for female） have higher relia‐bility and validity for upper body strength test .It is focusing on the trunk flexor strength test and ignoring the extensor strength test and sit‐ups （flexor index ）’s test requirements are dif‐ferent and sit‐ups without fixed feet ,torso motion range of 35 °~45 ° and rhythm has higher reliability and validity .90 ° dynamic Trunk Extension and Plank Isometric hold are the supple‐ment trunk index for reference .Standing long jump with ＂technical controversy＂and two kinds of countermovement jump need for revalidation .