创业警觉性、既有知识、创业经历对大学生创业机会识别的影响

The Influence of the University Students' Entrepreneurial Alertness,Prior Knowledge and Entrepreneurial Experiences on Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition

采用"新手-创业经验丰富者"对比范式,分别以114名在校无创业经历大学生和94名创业大学生作为被试,通过不同被试对自编复杂机会情景的反应搜集其对机会识别的表现,同时探讨了大学生创业警觉性、既有知识对创业机会识别的影响。结果表明:两类大学生创业警觉性、既有知识差异显著,创业大学生明显好于一般大学生。两类大学生在创业警觉性的三个维度以及既有知识的两个维度上均存在显著性差异,创业大学生均显著优于于一般大学生。创业大学生既有知识对机会识别具有显著影响;一般大学生创业警觉性对机会识别具有显著影响。此外,大学生既有知识可能通过警觉性影响机会识别。

Entrepreneurship contributes to the development of economy and the adjustment of economic structure, produces positive social effects. The entrepreneurship of graduate students not only creates social wealth and promote economic development but also increases employment opportunities and relieves the crisis of college students＇ joblessness. It can also stimulate college students＇ entrepreneurial spirit. Investigating graduate students＇ entrepreneurship, especially their entrepreneurial psychology, can provide a theoretical basis for entrepreneurship education. Thus, this research hypothesizes that entrepreneurial college students＇ entrepreneurial alertness, prior knowledge and opportunity recognition are significantly better than those of their non-entrepreneurial counterparts. The research tests two types of participants： entrepreneurial college students and general college students. The entrepreneurial college students include entrepreneurial undergraduate students and entrepreneurial graduated students （entrepreneurial age from 3 month to 2years）. 144 entrepreneurial college students participate in the test and 94 of them are available （66 male, 28 female）. We recruit these participants from Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai Ocean University, East China Normal University, Shanghai University, Northwest University for Nationalities, Shanghai Institute of Foreign Trade and two college entrepreneurial incubation parks in Shanghai. The other type is general college students, we recruit 150 participants and 144 of them are available （63 male, 51 female）. Participants in this type come from Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai Ocean University, East China Normal University and Northwest University for Nationalities. All participants are 18- 28 years old. Tablel provide the descriptive data on the sample. With 114 entrepreneurial students and 94 non-entrepreneurial university students as subjects and by collecting subjects＇ reaction to self-made complex opportunity situations to investigate their opportunity recognition, the paper discusses the influence of collge students＇ entrepreneurial alertness, prior knowledge and entrepreneurial experiences on the opportunity recognition. The material recruitment process is as follows： First we interview the entrepreneurial college students to collect opportunity situations. Second, we transform the recordings of the interview content into words and conducted semantic analysis to highlight the characteristics of college students＇ entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. We then establish the opportunity situations. This research uses two test items applied by Keh （2002） as the measurement of opportunity recognition; the Entrepreneurial alertness questionnaire uses the questionnaire established by Miao Qing （2006）, according to which entrepreneurial alertness has three dimensions： exploration and excavation, keen foresight, reconstruct framework. The results show that： There is a significant difference between two types of college students＇ entrepreneurial alertness and prior knowledge; entreprenet^rial students are significantly better on this score than non-entrepreneurial students. Students＇ prior knowledge greatly influences the opportunity recognition; the entrepreneurial alertness of non-entrepreneurial students significantly influences the opportunity recognition, which shows that their prior knowledge influences the opportunity recognition via entrepreneurial alertness. Entrepreneurial alertness and prior knowledge are significantly different between entrepreneurial students and nonentrepreneurial students. Entrepreneurial students＇ prior knowledge has a significant effect on opportunity recognition.