清入关前满洲民族联合过程与满洲对索伦部的政策

Combined Process of Manchu Nationality and Policies of Manchu Carried out to the Tribe of Suolun before Qing Dynasty

明清之际,满洲崛起于东北,以居住在辽宁东部的建州女真和吉林松花江沿岸至南部的海西女真为主体,联合东北其他少数民族形成满洲共同体。满洲的民族联合过程属于聚合过程,血缘、文化相近的民族或部落、部族汇聚为一个民族共同体。在满洲民族联合的过程中,索伦部一些人员加入满洲,成为新满洲,融入到满洲共同体中。对于满洲民族联合过程的发展做出了重要贡献。满洲对于仍居住在黑龙江北的索伦部,实行朝贡赏赐、联姻、编旗设佐政策,淡化其民族认同,加强其对满洲的政治认同。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Manchu rose in the northeast, forming a Manchu community concluding Nvzhen nationality which lived in the eastern part ofLiaoning, Haixi Jurchens who lived from the Songhua River to the south as well as other ethnics in Northeast of China. The combined process of Manchu belongs to the polymerization process that ethnic, tribe or clan of blood and common culture gathered a national community. In the Manchu ethnic joint process, Suolun staff joined the Manchu to be- come the new Manchuria into the Manchu community, which made important contributions to the development of the combined process of Manchu nationality. Manchu carried out such policies as the tribute reward, the marriage and setting eight flags to Suolun who still lived in the north of Heilongjiang. In addition, it weaked Suolun＇ s ethnic identity to strengthen the political identity of Manchu.