埃伦·伍德对20世纪70年代后西方新左翼理论的批判——以普兰查斯、拉克劳—墨菲和后现代主义为典型

On Ellen Meiksins Wood' s Criticism of the Theories of Western New Left after 1970s——A Typical Analysis of Nicos Poulantzas,Laclau/Mouffe and Postmodernism

埃伦·伍德批评20世纪70年代后西方新左翼在理论上日渐背离经典马克思主义,其中以普兰查斯、拉克劳与墨菲、后现代主义最为典型。在她看来,普兰查斯过分抬高了意识形态与政治的重要性,其理论中存在诸多矛盾与混乱,并具有很大的危害;而拉克劳与墨菲的理论中存在诸多对马克思和马克思主义的误读,其"激进民主"方案也缺乏可靠的社会根基,政治策略本质上是一种改良主义;后现代主义的产生有其特定的历史根源,其理论逻辑混乱,政治主张亦具有很大的迷惑性并可能导致严重后果。伍德批判的出发点在于捍卫经典马克思主义的思想地位,其中贯穿着马克思主义思维方法,但在有些问题上批判过于笼统,分寸上也不是很适当。

Ellen Meiksins Wood criticizes that the western New Left gradually deviate from classical marxism in theory after 1970s among whom Nicos Poulantzas, Laclau/Mouffe and Postmodernism are typical. In her opinion, Poulantzas raises the importance of ideology and politics too much and there are many mistakes and chaos in his theory which has a great deal of harm. She insists that there is a lot of misunderstanding in Laclau and Mouffe~ theory, that its ＂ Radical Democracy＂ scheme is lack of reliable social foun- dation and its political strategy is essentially a kind of reformism. In addition, Wood analyses the specific historical roots of the Post- modernism, reveals its logical chaos in theory and indicates its politics is confusing which may have serious consequences. The start- ing point of Wood＇s criticism is guarding classical marxism, and the thinking method of it is marxist, but it is inappropriate in some other aspects, such as discretion.