论阿玛蒂亚·森的不平等理论及现实价值

On Amartya Sen's Inequality Theory and Its Practical Values

森认为现代社会几种典型的平等理论——功利主义的效用平等观、罗尔斯的基本善平等观、诺齐克的权利平等观、德沃金的资源平等观——均存有对不平等的遮蔽之不足。森通过"能力评价体系",说明不平等实质上是个体的不同等的实现美好生活的能力,其内容主要包含"生活内容"、"能力"与"自由"等范畴。我们认为,森的能力不平等观的重大现实价值在于其将有利于人们用更宽广的视野来认识不平等问题,并要求政府行为与公共政策不再仅仅以增加个体收入为中心,促使人们更加认识到参与是发展的重要目标。

Amartya Sen holds that there exists the deficiency of covering up inequality in several typical equality theories of modern society—— the utilitarianism＇equality of effectiveness,Rawls＇ s equality of primary goods,Nozick＇s equality of rights,and Dworkin＇s equality of resources. With ＂evaluation system＂,Amartya Sen proposes that inequality,in essence,is the inequality of individual＇s capability of achieving a good life,including ＂living activities＂,＂capability＂and ＂freedom＂. We believe that Amartya Sen＇s inequality of capability bears significant practical values because it favors people to understand inequality from a broader perspective,demands that act of government and public policy should no longer just center on increasing the individual income and impels people to realize that participating is the important goal of developing.