论18世纪英国的家族地产

On the Family Landed Property of Eighteenth Century in Britain

18世纪,在英国拥有家族地产是一种主流社会风气,它是以家族为单位的地产占有及支配方式。家族地产由土地和住宅两个部分组成,两者所承担责任各有不同,但都已超脱单纯经济作用。在父系观念、家族保障思维影响下,家族内部形成以直系继承者为主体、其他家族成员为旁支的地产权益分配形式,并对家族主要地产进行保护。家族地产造成英国土地逐渐集中在大土地家族手中,他们对土地采用消极占有态度,这既不利于土地农业生产效率的提高,也不利于地产资源在市场中多向流动。

In the social background of eighteenth Century,holding Family Landed Property was popularized in Britain. The Family Landed Property was composited by two parts,land and seat（ or house）,both of which had not maintained for economic effect only with different uses. From impacts of family security and patriarchal mores,the distribution of interests of landed property in families was shaped like trees waht the heir who was direct line of descent owned main trunk and the other members owned secondary stems,and,that the main trunk was protected in a indivisible form forever. For the effect of mores of Family Landed Property,land was being centralized continuously. And then,there was a negative situation about Family Property mode,the land＇s utilization was inefficient,and there was no any more mobile of landed property in market.