论“国学小说”——以《四库全书》所收“小说家类”为例

A Study on“Sinological Novel”:Taking the “Novelist Class”Recorded in The Si Ku Quan Shu for Example

"国学小说"指历代史志中的子部"小说家类",它们是传统学术体系固有的一个组成部分,却在以西律中的新学术体系中消失了。以"国学小说"命名的原因有二:当前通行的"笔记"、"古小说"、"史料随笔"等名称,各有不周延之处,难以涵盖此类作品的全部;在中西学的格局中,"国学小说"强调"小说家类"作为传统学术固有的属性,与文学的小说划清疆域。以《四库全书总目提要》"小说家类"中较有代表性的作品为例,"国学小说"的特征、内涵和价值可以概括为:首先,庞杂广泛的内容和编排方式,反映了传统学术的初级面目;其次,国学小说的学术性主要指通识性和实录精神;第三,国学小说保存了丰富的史料,为文学创作提供资源与摹本,体现传统学术的人文情怀与风骨。

This article has researched thoroughly on the novels recorded in the literature subsection of The Si Ku Quan Shu （Imperial Collection of Four Divissions）through the proper name as “Sinological Novel”.There are two reasons as follows.Firstly,all the Generic Names,including “literary sket-ches”,“ancient fiction”and“the historical data of essays”,have some defects and can not contain all of the works.Secondly,“Sinological Novel”emphasizes that “novelist class”belongs to the traditional scholarship,thus drawing a line with the literary novels.Also,this paper has chosen some typical works from Four Books Comprehensive Table of Contents Abstract to discuss the content,characteris-tics and value of the “Sinological Novel”.First of all,the widely complicated content and layout reflect the primary appearance of Chinese traditional scholarship.Secondly,its technicality refers to the com-plexity in common sense and the spirit of factual record.Thirdly,value and significance：providing re-sources and transcription for literary creation,the rich historical materials kept in Si Ku Quan Shu well reflect the humanities and spirit of the Chinese traditional scholarship.