美国规制操纵体育比赛犯罪研究

Criminal Regulation of Match Fixing in the United States

美国联邦和州分别对操纵体育比赛犯罪进行了刑事立法。联邦层面,体育贿赂法主要被适用于规制跨州以及全国性的操纵体育比赛犯罪;该法对体育比赛的性质、犯罪构成要件、犯罪主体以及刑事管辖权做出了明确规定。美国法学会制定的《模范刑法典》明确设立了操纵公开竞赛罪以供各州参考。州层面,50个州中共有16个州制定了规制操纵比赛犯罪的成文立法,各州主要采取贿赂罪、欺诈罪和赌博罪进行罪名设定。研究认为,我国宜借鉴美国联邦规制操纵体育比赛犯罪的刑事立法规定,在刑法修正案中增设非法操纵公开竞赛罪,以此打击与操纵比赛相关的各类犯罪行为。

The criminal law of the Federal and 16 states in the Unttecl ~tates nas enactea the ~egL^l~,~, t, the federal level, sport bribery law is applicable primarily to regulate match--fixing across a state or the whole nation, and it explicitly stipulates the nature of sport competition, constitutive elements of a crime, subject of crime and criminal juris- diction. The American Law Institute has issued an article of manipulation of sport competition in Model Penal Code for the states to refer to. At the state level, 16 states have formulated the statutory to crack down of match-fixing offenses and the states mainly punish bribery, fraud and gambling in sport bribery crime. China should draw lessons from the federal criminal legislation of match fixing and fight against the match fixing, add to the accusation of illegal manipulating of sport competition in Amendment to the Criminal Law of the People＇s Republic of China.