论“竞技势能”

Sports Potential Energy

从支撑竞技表现的"能量"角度出发,提出了"竞技势能"的概念,它是指在比赛过程中,项目团队所具备的能力水平和状态,或称参赛者参加比赛所具有的应对比赛的能量,具体体现为运动员的竞技能力和竞技状态,以及教练员的临场指挥能力与指挥状态。竞技势能的特征主要有可调控性、相对性、波动性。其中,竞技势能的调控以运动员的竞技状态为目标,主导竞技能力调节为手段,并具有项群差异性。竞技势能的相对性具有两个层面,一是相对于自身的不同比赛阶段,二是相对于比赛对手。不同项群竞技势能波动的概率与幅度不同,一方面与调整机会的可得性有关,另一方面与运动项目的主导竞技能力相对应。

From the perspective of ＂energy＂ for what supports the athletic performance expression, the author of this paper proposes the concept ＂sports potential energy＂, which refers to that in the process of the game, the capacity and state lev- el of what teams have, or the energy of competitor deals with the game, including the athlete＇s competitive ability and state, and the coach＇s ability and state in coaching. Sports potential energy can be controlled and changing. The sports po- tential energy control aims at the athlete＇s competitive state, achieved by adjusting the leading competitive ability, and dif- fers for different sports event. Sports potential energy is related to the athlete at different stages of the game and to the opponents. The changes of sports potential energy are different for each event-group, related to the possibility of adjust- ment and to the dominating ability of the event.