从“应当”到“目的”再到“历史”——对康德价值思想的批判性解读与借鉴

From“Imperatives”to“Ends”and then to“History”:a Critical Reading and Significance of Kant's Views on Value

康德作为近代德国古典哲学或观念论哲学的创始人,其哲学是接着休谟提出的问题"往下讲"。康德基于现代人及其社会的分化与整合,从理性的两种不同的运用即"理论运用"与"实践运用"所面对和解决的不同问题,强调了(道德)价值的独立性和对于人的生活实践的范导作用,其理论的具体展开,是通过"应当""目的"或"合目的",最后走向人类"历史"的合目的性。康德价值哲学思想对于习惯于实用理性和整体主义思维,而又置身于现代化运动并正在经历着社会分化与整合的中国人,具有特别值得省思、重视和借鉴的意义。

As the founder of contemporary German classical philosophy, Kant picked up the questions raised by Hume. Based on modem and social differentiation and integration, Kant looked into the different problems faced by the two kinds of application of ration, namely theoretical application and practical application, stressed the independence of （moral） value and its role model for people＇s life practice. This theory begins with ＂imperatives＂ and ＂ends＂, and leads to human history which is in accordance with ends.