民俗语境下非物质文化遗产传承人口述史原则与方法

Principles and methods in connection with the inheritor's oral history of intangible cultural heritages in a folklore context

传承人是非物质文化遗产保护工作的中心。对传承人进行口述史调查符合非遗活态传承的本质。自上世纪末,传承人口述史的研究取得一系列阶段性成果,也同样面临着危机。本文提出将传承人的主体性置于非遗保护工作的核心位置,并以非遗背后民间文化的原生性作为口述史价值的判别依据。传承人只有在特定民俗语境下,才能还原非物质文化遗产的丰富文化内涵。

The inheritor plays a key role in the protection of the intangible cultural heritages.A stud-y of the oral history of such inheritors accords with the essence of their inheritance.Since the end of the last century,relevant studies have made some achievements but challenges have remained.This paper advocates that the subjectivity of the inheritors should take up the key role in the protection of intangible cultural heritages,and regards the originality of folk culture embodied in intangible cultural heritages as the assessment basis for the value of a given oral history.Only in a specific folklore con-text can the inheritor reveal the rich cultural implications of intangible cultural heritages.