韵律、语体、语法:汉语动词辨析及教学的新视角

Prosody,style and grammar:A new perspective of differentiation for Chinese verbs in teaching Chinese as a second language

在对外汉语词汇教学中,词汇的语义内容、语法功能、语用环境以及文化内涵等是教师重点关注的问题,但就动词而言,目前对单双音节动词的语法功能差异的认识尚存争议。文章基于韵律语体语法的新视角,对汉语的单双音节同义动词进行了全面考察,研究发现:(1)语义上,与双音动词相比,单音动词的较强的时空特征。(2)语法上,一方面,双音节动词不能带单音节宾语;另一方面,双音动词具有名词特征。(3)语体上,常用的单音动词口语性较强,而相应的双音动词书面语特征较强。

When it comes to vocabulary instruction in teaching Chinese as a second language,priori-ties are always given to semantics,functions,pragmatic contexts,cultural connotations of words, etc.,but there are controversial views over the different grammatical functions of monosyllabic and disyllabic verbs in Chinese.From a new perspective of prosody,style and grammar,this paper gives an incisive analysis of monosyllabic and disyllabic verbs in Chinese and concludes that semantically compared with disyllabic verbs,monosyllabic verbs in Chinese have more clear temporal and spatial features;grammatically,disyllabic verbs cannot have monosyllabic objects but have the features of nouns;stylistically,the commonly-used monosyllabic verbs have more clear colloquial features than the corresponding disyllabic verbs.