多士盈庭——元代会试的实施过程

A Galaxy of Talents Filled the in the Capital:On the Implementation Process of the Imperial Examination in Yuan Dynasty

会试是元朝科举的第二场考试,届时有大约三百通过乡试的举人从全国各地出发,前往大都参加考试。举人出发以前需要做一些准备,特别是筹备赴考经费。举人到达大都以后,一般租住在丽正门外,或准备考试,或进行一些社交活动。正月十五日以后,会试考试程序开始启动,二月初一日开始在大都南中书省东侧的至公堂考试。会试考官一般由中书省、翰林国史院、礼部等部门文职官员组成,考场分八个区,考试实行锁院、糊名、誊录等程序。由于会试直接关系到考生科举的成败,发榜以后有时会出现争执。元朝至正初年以后开始实行对落第举人任命学官的制度,一定程度上缓解了录取率低造成的矛盾。

Metropolitan Examination ,the second examination of the Imperial Examination System in Yuan Dynasty ,used to attract about three hundred Jurens w ho had passed the Local Examination to go to the capital of Dadu to take the exam .They needed to do some preparations before departure ,mostly on raising the funds for the exam .After they arrived at Dadu ,they would rent outside Lizheng Entrance to prepare for the exam or to do some social activities .The exam preparation would start on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar year and on the 1st day of February the exam w ould be held in Zhigong Hall w hich was divided into eight areas .The examiners came from the South Central Secretariat ,Hanlin National History Institute and the Ministry of Rites and other departments .They would carry on locking the exam rooms ,pasting the names ,transcribing and other procedures .As the exam was related directly to the success or failure of candidates ,sometimes it would arouse the disputes in enrolling .To some failed Jurens , Yuan began to implement appointment system which ,to some extent ,alleviated the contradiction caused by low enrollment .