居民基本权利差异对城乡差距的影响--来自中国省级面板数据的实证证据

Influence of Residents' Fundamental Rights Inequality on Urban-rural Gap——Empirical Evidence From Chinese Provincial Panel Data

本文以城乡居民消费水平的泰尔指数作为被解释变量,基于1996-2008年中国29个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,利用差分广义矩估计方法进行计量检验,重点考察城乡居民基本权利差异对城乡差距的影响,藉以探讨缩小城乡差距的路径。结果发现:城乡居民基本权利差异对中国城乡差距有显著影响。提高农业支出占一般预算比例,增加农村教育支出,增加农村固定资产投资。以及包括废除农业税在內的支农惠农政策,均显著有助于缩小城乡差距;提高城市化水平,也显著有助于缩小城乡差距。但是,工业化水平与城乡差距之间显著负相关,而市场化程度要么与城乡差距之间显著正相关,要么相关关系不显著。以上发现可为通过促进城乡居民基本权利平等化以缩小城乡差距提供经验证据。

In this paper, based on Chinese provincial panel data from 1996 to 2008, we used the differential GMM model to conduct an empirical study on the relationship between residents＇ fundamental rights inequality and urban-rural consumption gap in order to explore approaches to narrow such gap. The results showed that： the inequality on basic rights between urban and rural residents played a notable role in explaining China＇s urban-rural gap. Supportive and beneficial agriculture policies which increased the proportion of agricultural expenditure and increased rural education expenditures and rural investment in fixed assets, as well as the abolition of agricultural taxes, could narrow the urban-rural gap too. However, the relationship between the level of industrialization and urban-rural gap was significantly negative, and market-oriented reforms showed either a significant positive correlation with urban-rural gap, or no significant correlation between them. Above findings provided empirical evidences for narrowing urban-rural gap by entitling equal fundamental rights to both urban and rural residents.