全真龙门派在清初的另一种生存境遇——对潘静观及其《道德经妙门约》的考察

A Different Living Circumstances of Longmen School in the Early Qing Dynasty——An Analysis of Pan Jingguan and His Work DaoDeJingMiaoMenYue

在王常月江南弘道、中兴全真之前,常州地区就存在着一个以朱元育为首的全真龙门派宗教团体,这个团体中的佼佼者潘静观的人生却为我们展现了龙门派在清初的另一种生存境遇。潘静观是龙门派第五代之嫡传弟子,他的存世著作《道德经妙门约》一书体现了较为明显的全真色彩。但他同时又积极参与当地的一个吕祖扶乩团体,并在其中占据了领袖的位置,他们自立太乙法派。此外,他还以《净明忠孝录》传授弟子,并以传承净明派为己任。作为龙门派弟子的潘静观并没有试图去发扬壮大龙门教派,而是在与其他道派以及民间信仰的互动中使其身份变得复杂。对潘静观的考察,有助于丰富和深化我们对清初龙门派生存境遇的认识。

Zhu Yuanyu, who is a taoist priest of Longmen shcool, has been in Changzhou for a long time before Wang Changyue came to Jiangnan. One of Zhu Yuanyu＇s apprentice named Pan Jingguan with his life shows us a different living circumstances of Longmen school in the early Qing Dynasty. Pan is the fifth generation successor of Longmen school without doubt, his work DaoDeJingMiaoMenYue revealing the features of Quanzhen school, but he also considers himself to be a heirs of Jingming shcool and Taiyi school. As a member of Longmen school, Pan Jingguan does not try to develop Longmen school, instead, he interacts with the other schools of Taoism and folk beliefs which makes his identity complicated. The observation of Pan could bring us a new understanding about the Longmen school in the early Qing Dynasty.