农业土壤学研究:侯光炯学术思想形成之考察——纪念侯光炯先生诞辰110周年

AGRICULTURAL SOIL SCIENCE RESEARCH:FORMATION OF HOU KUANGCHUN'S ACADEMIC THOUGHT—CELEBRATE 110TH ANNIVERSARY OF MR HOU KUANGCHUN'S BIRTH

作为农业土壤学的先驱和奠基人,侯光炯先生的学术历程与我国土壤科学发展历程具有高度的重合性,可以划分为少年求学、崭露头角、举步维艰、宏图大展、低潮时期、辉煌岁月以及思想的延续等阶段。侯光炯先生在批判性地继承和发展欧美土壤学派和前苏联土壤学派研究成果和思想的基础上,形成了具有中国特色的土壤学研究理念、方法和成果。他的学术思想并非一朝一夕形成的,而是社会环境、家庭环境、良师教诲以及自身特质等因素综合作用、历时积淀的结果。

Mr. Hou Kuangchun （1905--1996） , also known as Hou Yiru, was among the first group of academi- cians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （formerly member of Academia Siniea） , a senior fellow of the British Royal So- ciety a national first grade professor of China, a pioneer in soil science in China and also an explorer and founder of the agricultural soil science of China. With the 100th anniversary of Mr Hou birth coming around the corner, to study compre- hensively processes, genesis and affecting factors of the formation of Mr. Hou＇s academic thought is an event of important theoretical significance, academic value and practical reflection, which will not only help explore and sublime Mr. Hou＇s academic life and inner requirements of his thought, hut also play an important active role in promoting development of the modern agricultural soil science and strengthening the construction of a benign academic atmosphere. （ 1 ） Mr. Hou＇s aca- demic career spanned 70 years （ 1927 to 1996） , beginning almost at the same time modern soil science made its debute in China and the development processes of the two were closely related with a high degree of overlapping. Mr. Hou＇s academ- ic life can roughly be divided into seven phases, i. e. schooling as a junior, cutting a great figure, struggling in difficulty, ambitious exhibition, downturn, glory days and continuity of thought. Each phase had its own peculiar characteristics in content. （2） On the basis of fully absorbing the advanced research concepts, methods and techniques of the European and American schools of soil science and ex-Soviet Union school of soil science, Mr. Hou founded a China-specific school of soil science, featuring Chinese characteristics in the light of the actual conditions in China. The so-called ＂Chinese char- acteristics＂ were specifically embodied in research concept, research methods and research findings. In the aspect of re- search concept, Mr. Hou began, as early as in the 1920s and 1930s when he was still in school, to nourish the idea that soil science should serve agricultural; in the aspect of research methods, Mr. Hou advocated summarization and distil- lation of farmers＇ experience in farming production; and in the aspect of research findings, Mr. Hou made a number of representative achievements that suit the specific conditions of the nation, such as propositon of the agricultural soil physi- ologic conception and the soil fertility bio-thermodynamic theory and development of the technology of natural no-tillage. （ 3 ） Mr. Hou＇s academic thought is the product of the joint effects of various factors such as social environment, family en- vironment, mentors＇ teaching and his own qualities, through decades of accumulation. Tempered by a series of factors, Hou＇s academic thought began to take shape, and underwent a course of progressive development from immature to mature, and from fragments to a system.