季节性雪被下土壤微生物动态研究进展

Dynamics Research of Soil Microbe under Seasonal Snow Cover

在冬季,季节性雪被覆盖地区伴随着雪被的发育和消融,土壤温度、含水量和土壤冻融状态剧烈波动强烈影响着土壤微生物的动态转变及营养需求的改变,从而对高山地区冬季土壤矿质元素转化、土壤养分供应、植物分布等具有十分重要的影响。大量研究表明,高山生态系统中土壤微生物群落存在明显的季节转换现象,夏季以细菌为主,冬季则以真菌为主。在冬季,土壤微生物的生长和活性都是被可利用碳所限制的。全球变暖背景下,积雪厚度和凋落物供应的改变,必将对土壤碳供应水平产生影响,导致微生物群落的动态变化,从而对土壤中营养物质的利用和循环产生显著效应,这也是该领域新的研究方向之一。

Followed by the development and melting of snow cover, soil temperature, soil moisture and soil freeze-thaw cycles fluctuated drastically in the seasonal snow-cover region in winter, which dominates the survival of soil microorganism and the change in microorganism communities, that plays an important role in the transformation on soil mineral elements, soil nutrient supply and plant distribution. A large number of studies have shown that soil microbe community exists obvious seasonal change, which dominated by bacteria in summer, whereas, fungi in winter. Microbial growth and activity is limited by available C in late winter. The change of snow depth and litter supply under the background of climate change will have an effect on soil C level, cause the dynamic shifts of microorganism, thus will play a key role in soil nutrition cycle. This is also one of the new directions in the field of study.