宁夏贫困地区生态移民重点传染病预防知识与行为现况

Status of knowledge and behavior on major infectious diseases prevention among ecological migrants in poverty areas of Ningxia

目的：了解宁夏贫困地区生态移民的重点传染病预防相关知识与行为现状。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法，选取宁夏贫困地区16～60岁生态移民作为调查对象，进行现场流行病学调查。结果共调查300人。汉族生态移民对乙型肝炎、肺结核与细菌性痢疾3种重点传染病的预防知识知晓率（12．3％、5．7％和9．8％）分别低于回族生态移民（22．2％、7．4％和14．8％）。不同民族生态移民乙肝传播途径知晓率差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。重点传染病预防相关行为方面，除便后洗手形成率较高（68．5％）外，其余行为的形成率普遍较低，不共用牙刷、剃须刀行为的形成率最低（9．2％）；除将痰吐到卫生纸（或）痰盂里和不共用牙刷、剃须刀2种行为的形成率差异无统计学意义外，其余5种行为的形成率回族生态移民均高于汉族生态移民，差异有统计学意义。阅读能力方面，洗手行为回族生态移民（5．76±2．38）的平均得分低于汉族生态移民（4．66±2．89），差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论宁夏贫困地区生态移民重点传染病预防知识缺乏，不同民族移民传染病知识存在差异，应加大贫困农村地区预防重点传染病的健康教育工作力度，强化技能培训，提高健康教育工作的针对性。

Objective To investigate the status of the knowledge and behavior related to major infectious diseases prevention a？mong ecological migrants in poverty areas of Ningxia. Methods Multi-stage sampling was used to select the subjects. Survey was con？ducted designed by the team of the project, and the major infectious diseases-related behaviors were also observed among 16~60 years ecological migrants in poverty areas of Ningxia. Results A total of 300 people were included in the study. The awareness rates of knowl？edge about hepatitis B, tuberculosis and bacillary dysentery prevention were higher among Han farmers than Hui farmers （12. 3% vs. 22. 2%, 5. 7% vs. 7. 4% and 9. 8% vs. 14. 8%）. Different ethnic ecological migration routes of transmission of hepatitis B awareness difference was statistically significant （P〈0. 05）. Regarding major infectious diseases-related behaviors such as washing hands before using the bathroom was reported in a higher rate of 68. 5%. The rest of behavior was generally low. Dissharing toothbrushes, razors was the lowest rate of 9. 2%;The five kinds of behavior were more often practiced by Hui ecological migration than Han ecological migration, except the Dissharing toothbrushes, razors and spitting into cuspidor. The difference was statistically significant （P〈0. 05）. As for read？ing, the average score of Hui ecological migration behavior was （5. 76 ± 2. 38） lower than the average score of ecological migration of Han （4. 66 ± 2. 89）, the difference was statistically significant （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Lack of knowledge and behaviors about major infectious diseases prevention is obvious in the ecological migrants in poverty areas of Ningxia and national difference can be found in these knowledge and skills. Health education of major infectious diseases prevention should be strengthened in rural poverty areas, with skill training facilitating behavior changes emphasized and pertinence enhanced.