Mn_3O_4微球的制备及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

Preparation of Mn_3O_4 Microspheres and Their Catalytic Effects upon Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

以四水合乙酸锰和无水乙醇为原料，用溶剂热法制备了 Mn3 O4微球。研究和讨论了反应温度、反应时间对实验结果的影响。得到了160℃反应4 h的最佳条件。用 X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征了 Mn3 O4微球的组成和形貌。用差示扫描量热仪（ DSC）研究了 Mn3 O4微球对高氯酸铵（ AP）热分解性能的影响。结果表明，Mn3 O4微球是结晶度较高、粒径介于4～10 nm的超细 Mn3 O4粒子的聚集体。与纯 AP 相比，Mn3 O4微球／AP 混合物中 AP 的热分解温度下移160．1℃，出现在297．1℃，表明 Mn3O4微球对 AP热分解有明显的催化作用。

Mn3 O4 microspheres were successfully prepared by a solvothermal method using manganese（ II）acetate tetrahydrate and anhydrous ethanol as raw materials. The effects of reaction temperature and reaction time on experimental results were investi-gated and discussed. The optimum conditions of reaction at 160 ℃ for 4 h were obtained. The composition and morphology of Mn3O4 microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffractometer（XRD）,field emission scanning electron microscope（FESEM） and transmission electron microscope（ TEM）. The effect of Mn3 O4 microspheres on the thermal decomposition of ammonium per-chlorate（ AP）was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter（ DSC）. Results show that Mn3 O4 microspheres are an aggre-gation of ultrafine Mn3 O4 particle with high crystallinity and a size of 4-10 nm. In comparison with pure AP,the decomposition peak temperature of AP in Mn3 O4 microspheres/AP mixture shifts by 160. 1 ℃ downwards,and appears at 297. 1 ℃,indicating that Mn3 O4 microspheres have a significant catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of AP.