翻译制度化与制度化翻译

The Institutionalization of Translation and the Institutionalized Translation

翻译的社会属性正是"翻译学"和"社会学"交接、交叉的根本原因。本文借助布迪厄的社会学理论和研究方法,以翻译生产的社会机制为着眼点,对依托institution的翻译实践加以考察。我们发现"制度化"是翻译活动被赋予"使命"色彩的必然趋势,翻译生产被纳入国家政治体制中,译本出版和流通被纳入国家文化生产之中。翻译制度化是多种因素合力运作的结果,一方面利于翻译的集约化生产,保证译本的权威性,确保对译者行为的指导和监控;另一方面又可能限制译者主体性的发挥,导致译本僵化。翻译走向制度化之后,产出的便是制度化翻译,与市场化的翻译相对,其本质是通过政治化和经典化手段建构译本的权威,实现国家的政治价值目标。翻译制度化与制度化翻译是过程与结果的关系,为翻译社会学研究提供了新视野。

The social dimension of translating is where translation studies and sociology overlap.In the light of Bourdieu's theory,this paper investigates the corporal nature of institution-based translation practice,concluding that institutionalization is what gives translation its sense of 'mission,' as well as what incorporates the production of a translation into state politics and subjects its publication and circulation to national cultural planning.Many sociological factors contribute to the institutionalization of translation by impacting on the practice of translating either negatively or positively.It could,on the one hand,enhance efficiency,lend authority to the translated texts and regulate the translator's behavior.On the other hand it may restrain the translator's freedom of expression and inhibit his or her subjectivity.Pitting itself against commercialized translation,institutionalized translation characteristically aims to canonize a translated text through state power in the hope of achieving a political aim.